The legal status of Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) in Uganda exists in a grey area. While there is no specific legislation that explicitly outlaws the possession or installation of VPN software, government authorities have frequently criminalized their use in specific contexts. Officials often associate VPNs with the intent to bypass government censorship or evade taxes. Consequently, utilizing these tools to access restricted platforms can attract scrutiny from security agencies, despite the lack of a direct law banning the technology itself (1).
Tensions surrounding VPNs escalated significantly following the government's decision to block Facebook and other social media platforms. The Uganda Communications Commission has previously warned that citizens using VPNs to bypass these blocks could face arrest and prosecution. Although the controversial social media tax was repealed, authorities continue to view VPN usage with suspicion. They have threatened to deploy technology capable of detecting and blocking VPN traffic to enforce compliance with internet restrictions and digital regulations (2).
"In particular, the Commission notes with concern reported threats against individuals using Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) to access Facebook, which has remained blocked in Uganda since the 2021 elections as well as remarks by the Acting Secretary-Commissioner of the Electoral Commission."
Despite these warnings, VPN adoption remains widespread among Ugandans seeking to maintain access to blocked information and communication channels. Human rights organizations report that while threats are issued, mass arrests solely for VPN possession have not been systematically documented. However, the environment remains precarious for digital rights, with frequent disruptions to connectivity reported during politically sensitive periods. Users continue to navigate this restrictive landscape, balancing the need for information against the potential risks of state reprisal (1).
Source:
https://freedomhouse.org/country/uganda/freedom-net/2024
https://achpr.au.int/en/news/press-releases/2026-01-06/press-statement-escalating-restrictions-freedom-expression-media-f
Last updated: 15-01-2026 Disclaimer: This article does not provide legal advice. If you need legal advice, please contact an attorney directly.
