The use of VPNs in Rwanda is currently considered legal, as there are no specific statutes that explicitly ban or criminalize the technology for general users. The Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Authority (RURA) oversees the telecommunications sector but has not issued regulations effectively prohibiting these privacy tools. Consequently, residents and visitors can utilize VPNs to secure their internet connections without facing immediate legal penalties, although the regulatory environment remains vigilant regarding telecommunications security. (1)
Despite the technical legality of VPNs, the digital landscape in Rwanda involves strict government oversight and monitoring. Reports highlight that while the government generally allows access to the internet, it maintains significant authority to surveil online activities and restricts speech that is deemed sensitive. This creates a nuance where owning a VPN is permitted, but the government's broad powers to monitor communications and enforce laws against "divisionism" create a restrictive atmosphere for internet freedom. (2)
"No restrictions on connectivity were reported in Rwanda during the coverage period, though Article 52 of the 2001 Law Governing Telecommunications gives the government excessive powers over telecommunications networks in the name of preserving national integrity."
Users should be aware that recent regulations have tightened control over anonymity, such as mandatory biometric verification for SIM card registration. While encryption and VPNs are not outlawed, the legal framework grants authorities the power to manage networks to preserve national integrity. Furthermore, engaging in activities defined as spreading false information or harmful propaganda remains a criminal offense, regardless of whether a VPN is used to mask the user's identity. (1)
Source:
https://freedomhouse.org/country/rwanda/freedom-net/2024
https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/rwanda
Last updated: 14-01-2026 Disclaimer: This article does not provide legal advice. If you need legal advice, please contact an attorney directly.
