Internet access in Cuba is heavily regulated by the state telecommunications monopoly, ETECSA, which employs strict censorship measures. While the government does not explicitly prohibit the possession of Virtual Private Networks in its penal code, it actively blocks the protocols these tools rely on. Authorities routinely disrupt access to circumvention software to prevent citizens from reaching independent news outlets and blocked content. Consequently, the use of such technology operates in a gray area of enforcement and restriction (1).
The legal environment is further complicated by decrees that criminalize the use of telecommunications to undermine state security or public order. Although foreign travelers often use privacy tools to secure their connections, locals face significant risks when using them to evade censorship. The government has demonstrated the capability to throttle specific traffic and block major VPN providers during periods of unrest. This technical blocking serves as a de facto ban on the effective use of these privacy services (1).
“Cuban officials restricted internet connectivity and blocked various social media and communications platforms and virtual private network (VPN) systems, and selectively disrupted the mobile and fixed-lines connections of activists and dissidents.”
Despite the restrictive local environment, the U.S. government advises its citizens to prioritize digital safety while visiting the island. Official travel guidance recommends using a reputable, U.S.-based VPN and encrypted applications because there is no expectation of privacy on Cuban networks. Travelers are warned that compromised devices and connection failures are common, highlighting the necessity of encryption tools even amidst the government's active efforts to suppress their functionality (2).
Source:
https://freedomhouse.org/country/cuba/freedom-net/2024
https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/Cuba.html
Last updated: 10-01-2026 Disclaimer: This article does not provide legal advice. If you need legal advice, please contact an attorney directly.
