The use of Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) is legal in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with no specific laws prohibiting the possession or use of encryption software. The government does not restrict access to the internet or block privacy tools, allowing citizens and visitors to lawfully secure their digital connections. Consequently, individuals can freely utilize VPNs to protect their personal data and navigate the web without facing direct legal penalties for using the technology itself (1).
While the tools are legal, the digital environment faces challenges regarding freedom of expression, particularly in specific regions. Recent legislative changes in the Republika Srpska entity have re-criminalized defamation, creating a difficult climate for journalists and online activists. Although the central government does not systematically filter content, these local laws encourage self-censorship, leading many users to rely on privacy software as a safeguard against potential legal harassment and surveillance (2).
"The law provided for freedom of expression, including for members of the press, but government respect for this right was poor. During the year, citizens faced continued efforts to curtail freedom of expression and media. In Republika Srpska, journalists continued to protest amendments to an October 2023 law that criminalized defamation."
Users should be aware that while VPNs are permitted, they do not grant immunity from local laws regarding online behavior. Authorities monitor for hate speech and threats, which are prosecuted under criminal law. Therefore, while using a VPN is a lawful method to enhance digital privacy, it does not exempt individuals from compliance with regulations concerning defamation and incitement, which are increasingly enforced in the current political landscape (1).
Source:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/bosnia-and-herzegovina
https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/europe-and-central-asia/western-central-and-south-eastern-europe/bosnia-and-herzegovina/report-bosnia-and-herzegovina/
Last updated: 09-01-2026 Disclaimer: This article does not provide legal advice. If you need legal advice, please contact an attorney directly.
