The use of Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) is legal in Bhutan, with no specific legislation prohibiting the use of privacy software or encryption tools. The Bhutan InfoComm and Media Authority (BICMA) regulates the information and communications sector but does not impose bans on individual VPN usage. Consequently, citizens and travelers are free to utilize these services to secure their internet connections and protect their personal data without fear of legal prosecution for mere possession of the technology (1).
While the digital environment is generally open, the government maintains the authority to block specific content that is deemed offensive to the state or contrary to cultural values. The constitution guarantees freedom of expression, yet the media landscape operates under a degree of self-censorship to avoid conflict with authorities. Despite these cultural nuances, there are no reports of the government systematically blocking VPNs or using them as a pretext to target individuals for accessing lawful international content (2).
"The constitution provided for freedom of expression, including for members of the press and other media, and the government generally respected this right. An independent media, an effective judiciary, and a functioning democratic political system generally allowed for freedom of expression despite reported incidents of self-censorship."
Users should be aware that while the tools are legal, the broader legal framework governing online behavior still applies. Defamation and actions that incite community disharmony can be prosecuted under the Penal Code, regardless of whether a VPN is used. Therefore, while individuals can lawfully employ VPNs to enhance their digital privacy, they must remain cognizant of local laws regarding hate speech and content that could be interpreted as undermining national security or public order (1).
Source:
https://freedomhouse.org/country/bhutan/freedom-world/2024
https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/bhutan
Last updated: 09-01-2026 Disclaimer: This article does not provide legal advice. If you need legal advice, please contact an attorney directly.
